化学方程式大全在.docVIP

高中化学方程式大全 一、非金属单质（F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si，H）1、氧化性：F2+H2===2HF (阴暗处爆炸)??????????????????????????? F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2???? 2F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4??(XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)???? 2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2?(水是还原剂)????????? 2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2??????????????????????????? F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2 F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2??????????????????????????????? 7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7 F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF (ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O==HF+HClO )3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3?(ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3?) Cl2+H2?==2HCl (将H2在Cl2点燃；混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸) 3Cl2+2P ==2PCl3??????????????Cl2+PCl3?==PCl5????????Cl2+2Na== 2NaCl 3Cl2+2Fe ==2FeCl3???????????Cl2+Cu ==CuCl2 Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3??(在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl )Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2???????????????????Cl2+2Br =2Cl +Br2 Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2?????????????????????????Cl2+2I =2Cl +I2 3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO3?? 3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3– 5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl ??????? 5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+ Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓ ??????????????????Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓ Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓ ??(水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓ Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl ??????? Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl–?? Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2???????????????????????Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O22O2+3Fe== Fe3O4?????????????O2+K===KO2S+H2?==H2S ????????????????????2S+C== CS2?????????????????????S+Zn== ZnS S+Fe =?FeS (既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取)? S+2Cu== Cu2S (只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)3S+2Al== Al2S3?(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取) N2+3H2?==2NH3????????N2+3Mg ==Mg3N2????????????N2+3Ca== Ca3N2N2+3Ba ==Ba3N2???????????????N2+6Na ==2Na3N ????????????N2+6K== 2K3NN2+6Rb== 2Rb3N ????????????N2+2Al ==2AlN???????????????? P4+6H2?==4PH3?????????P+3Na ==Na3P ????????????????2P+3Zn== Zn3P2 H2+2Li== 2LiH2、还原性S+O2?==SO2?????????????????????S+H2SO4(浓) ==3SO2↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓) ==H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O ??? S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+ 3S+4HNO3(稀) 3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O ??? 3S+4H++4?3SO2+4NO↑+2H2ON2+O2 ==?2NO ????????????? 4P+5O2?P4O10(常写成P2O5) 2P+3X2?==2PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2） ?????PX3+X2?PX5 P4+20HNO3(浓) ==4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2OC+2F2?==CF4????????????????????C+2Cl2?==CCl4???????????C+O2(足量) == CO2??????????