动词的各种分类和用法.docxVIP

一：动词分类1.按语法功能类别意义常 见 例 词例句实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。有4种变化形式：三单，现在分词，过去式，过去分词。Study，learn，enjoy等She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。用法：连系动词+形容词系动词：1.be seem appear turn2.look sound taste smell feel 感官类3.get turn grow become go 变化类4.stay remain keep continue维持类His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。Twins usually look the same.双胞胎通常看起来一样。The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。be,have, do,will,shallHe doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗？情态动词本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实意动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。can, may, must, need, have to, will, should, would You can keep the books for two weeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？We must go now. 我们现在得走了。2.按是否带宾语：及物和不及物动词及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。1.V+宾语buy, catch, invent, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, 2.V+宾语+宾补make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear等3.V+间宾+直宾give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make,?offer, build, pass, bring, cook等不及物动词不及物动词本身意义完整，无需接宾语。不及物+介词+宾语常见不及物动词go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit不及物动词短语break down 坏了catch on 出名come to恢复意识drop by顺便拜访 go back回到run out用完go on发生，继续3.延续和非延续动词:非延续动词表瞬间动作，一经发生立即结束，不能接时间短，常见动词：buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come 等。4.动词用法be（am, is, are, was, werebe+ doing构成进行时I am doing my homework.be+ done构成被动语态The letter was received yesterday.have\hashave done构成完成时态I have finished my work.