纹理分析课件__数字图像处理精要.ppt

Cameras and Optics This category usually consists of one or more cameras and lensing (optics), which take a picture of the part being inspected. Depending on the application, the cameras can be standard monochrome RS-170/CCIR, composite color (Y/C), RGB color, nonstandard monochrome (variable-scan), progressive scan, or line-scan. CCD camera types older systems were very chunky, heavy power hungry advances in IC technology have resulted in smaller and smaller systems that use less power miniaturisation first resulted in remote head ‘lipstick’ sized cameras latest technologies include very small single board systems typical camera singleboardcamera remote head camera Lighting Lighting is needed to illuminate the part so that the best possible image can be acquired by the camera. Lighting assemblies come in various shapes and sizes and are available in a variety of intensities. The most common forms of lighting are high-frequency fluorescent, LED (Light Emitting Diode), incandescent, and quartz-halogen fiber-optic types. 图像匹配的基本过程 x,y Template Image Input Image I(x,y) O(x,y) Output Image x,y Correlation The matching process moves the template image to all possible positions in a larger source image and computes a numerical index that indicates how well the template matches the image in that position. Match is done on a pixel-by-pixel basis. 图像匹配过程示意图 Projection of 3x3 template The Moving Window scans the 3x3 neighborhood of every pixel in the classified image. Matched Image 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 图像匹配过程示意图 二值模板图像 Template is a small image, usually a bi-level image. Find template in source image, with a Yes/No approach. Template Source 灰度模板图像 When using template-matching scheme on grey-level image it is unreasonable to expect a perfect match of the grey levels. Instead of yes/no match at each pixel, the difference in level should be used. Template Source Image 匹配的计算量 Template image size: 5