细菌必需基因、最小基因组和合成细胞.PDFVIP

540 邱东茹/细菌必需基因、最小基因组和合成细胞 生 物 工 程 学 报 Chinese Journal of Biotechnology May 25, 2012, 28(5): 540−549 /cjbcn ©2012 Chin J Biotech, All rights reserved 综 述 邱东茹 中国科学院水生生物研究所，湖北 武汉 430072 邱东茹. 细菌必需基因、最小基因组和合成细胞. 生物工程学报, 2012, 28(5): 540−549. Qiu DR. Essential genes, minimal genome and synthetic cell of bacteria: a review. Chin J Biotech, 2012, 28(5): 540−549. 摘 要: 单细胞原核生物是原始的细胞生命形式，确定细菌必需基因和最小基因组对理解生命的本质、细胞 生命的起源和进化有非常重要的意义。文中简要介绍近年来有关细菌的必需基因、最小基因组和合成细胞的研 究方法、理论和进展。还特别介绍人工建立最小细菌基因组的策略以及应用前景。 关键词: 必需基因，最小基因组，合成细胞，虚拟细胞 Essential genes, minimal genome and synthetic cell of bacteria: a review Dongru Qiu Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China Abstract: Single-cell prokaryotes represent a simple and primitive cellular life form. The identification of the essential genes of bacteria and the minimal genome for the free-living cellular life could provide insights into the origin, evolution, and essence of life forms. The principles, methodology, and recent progresses in the identification of essential genes and minimal genome and the creation of synthetic cells are reviewed and particularly the strategies for creating the minimal genome and the potential applications are introduced. Keywords: essential genes, minimal genome, synthetic cell, virtual cell Received: November 10, 2011; Accepted: January 16, 2012 Supported by: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y15103-1-401). Corresponding author: Dongru Qiu. Tel/Fax: +86-27 E-mail: