第十六章 国民经济评价.pptVIP

Chapter 16  Economic Analysis Market Failure 市场失灵 Incomplete resource property right 缺乏资源有效利用、交换和管理的先决条件 Thin Market 资源价格偏低或无价格，造成资源浪费 Externalities Social cost = private cost + external cost 直接成本、个人成本与社会成本的不一致 Public goods 自由市场不能提供公共物品 Short-version planning 为满足当前消费而提前使用资源 Economic Analysis VS. Financial Analysis Similarities Method 经济效果评价，使用基本的经济评价理论，即效益与费用比较理论与方法 Precondition 都要在完成产品需求预测、工艺技术选择、投资估算、资金筹措方案等可行性研究内容的基础上进行 Calculation period of time Differences Projects Requiring Economic Analysis Railway and road project Major water project National resource control and protection project Major sino-foreign joint venture project Severely distorted inputs and outputs price Identification of economic benefit and cost 国民经济效益与费用识别 Direct Benefits and Costs  直接效益与直接费用 Direct benefits 直接效益 Economic benefit derived directly from the project output and calculated within the project scope 增加项目产出物或服务的数量以满足国内需求的效益 提到效益较低的相同或类似企业的产出物或服务，使被替代企业减产（停产）从而减少国家游泳资源耗费或损失的效益 增加出口或者减少进口从而减少或节支的外汇 Direct cost 直接费用 Economic cost derived directly from the project input and calculated within the project scope 其他部门为本项目提供的投入物，需要扩大生产规模所耗用的资源费用 减少对其他项目或最终消费投入物的供应而放弃的效益 增加进口或减少出口而耗用或者减少的外汇 Indirect Benefits and Costs 间接效益与间接费用 Externalities, refers to the benefit the project contributes to the national economy or the cost expensed by national and economy on the project, which are not included in the direct benefit and cost Environment and ecology effect 环境及生态影响效果 Technology dissemination effect 技术扩散效果 Industry interrelation effect 产业关联效果 Transfer Payment 转移支付 Financial benefit and payment which do not cause actual resource increase or reduce from the national economy point of view Tax 税收 (from national and region government) Loan interest 利息 (domestic bank) Subsidy 补贴 (given by the state or local government) Shadow Price 影子价格 20世纪30年代末40年代初 荷兰数理经济学家、计量经济学创始人