GeneExpression-ComputerScienceatRIT基因表达在RIT计算机科学.pptVIP

Analysis of Gene ExpressionAnne R. HaakeRhys Price Jones Gene Expression Analysis Connecting structural genomics to functional genomics How do we relate gene identity to cell physiology, disease drug discovery? Functional Genomics =“development and application of global (genome-wide or system-wide) experimental approaches to assess gene function by making use of the information and reagents provided by structural genomics” High Throughput Systems for Studying Global Gene Expression are Complex Need to consider: the biology behind the experiments the interpretation of the experiments advancements in biotechnology the computing issues The Flow of Information A gene is expressed in 2 steps: DNA is transcribed into RNA (mRNA) RNA is translated into protein Genotype to Phenotype Individual cells in an organism have the same genes (DNA) the genotype but….not all genes are active (expressed) in each cell It is the expression of thousands of genes and their products (RNA, proteins), functioning in a complicated and orchestrated way, that make a specific cell what it is. the phenotype The Flow of Information Gene Expression Depends on Context The subsets of genes that are expressed (RNA/protein) will differ among cells, tissues, organs, conditions… the subset expressed confers unique properties to the cell Differential Gene Expression The level of expression of genes also differs with the cellular context i.e. the amount of a given RNA will vary We can think of gene expression in eukaryotes as having both an “on/off” switch and “volume” control Specific Patterns of Gene Expression Tissue/Cell type-specific -e.g. skin cell vs. brain cell -e.g. keratinocyte vs. melanocyte Developmental stage -e.g. embryonic skin cell vs. adult skin cell Disease state -e.g. normal skin cell vs. skin tumor cell Environment-specific (drugs, toxins) -e.g. skin cell untreated vs. treated Analyze Gene Expression W