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A Novel Phage Protein Mediates the Viruss Removal from Bacterial Chromosomes 英文参考文献
Synopses of Research Articles
Inconspicuous Consumption: Uncovering the Molecular Pathways behind Phagocytosis
Mason Inman | DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040190
Eating at an Ethiopian restaurant
might give one an appreciation for the
process of phagocytosis, a widespread
method immune cells use to ingest
particles. To dine using injera, the
spongy Ethiopian ?atbread, you form
a pocket of bread around the food that
you pinch off and, with practice, stuff
cleanly into your mouth. Similarly,
when cells ingest small particles,
viruses, or other smaller cells by
phagocytosis, they extend protrusions
called pseudopods around their target.
The pseudopods then seal around the
object, and a bit of the cell membrane
that encases the object buds off and
travels inside the cell.
The researchers found that
pseudopods extending around a
particle activated ARF6 at their tips.
Then as the cell more fully enveloped
a particle, ARF6 turned off, and
activated ARF1 appeared throughout
the pseudopod until it closed around
the particle. The discovery of a role for
ARF1 was unexpected, since previous
studies suggested this protein is not
involved in phagocytosis. Also, the
researchers found that inhibiting PI-3K
prevented cells from switching between
these two phases of phagocytosis, and
caused them to stop halfway without
having closed around the particles.
It’s still not entirely clear what role
each of the ARFs plays. ARF6 may
regulate how the cell supplies more
membranes to the area of phagocytosis,
so that the cell can expand its surface
area there and engulf particles. ARF1,
on the other hand, plays a key role
in protein traf?cking, and so may
regulate which proteins migrate to
the site of phagocytosis. But ?nding
that phagocytosis has distinct phases,
regulated by phospholipids in the
membrane, is an important step toward
sorting out how thousands of receptors
can be coordinated in time and space
to make a phagosome.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040190.g001
Fluorescent proteins loc
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