A Range-Normalization Model of Context-Dependent Choice A New Model and Evidence 英文参考文献.docVIP

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A Range-Normalization Model of Context-Dependent Choice A New Model and Evidence 英文参考文献.doc

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A Range-Normalization Model of Context-Dependent Choice A New Model and Evidence 英文参考文献

ARange-NormalizationModelofContext-Dependent Choice:ANewModelandEvidence AlirezaSoltani1,2.*,BenedettoDeMartino3,4.,ColinCamerer4 1HowardHughesMedicalInstituteandDepartmentofNeurobiology,StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Stanford,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Divisionof BiologyandComputationandNeuralSystems,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,Pasadena,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DivisionofPsychologyandLanguage Sciences,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom,4DivisionoftheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyPasadena,California, UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Mostutilitytheoriesofchoiceassumethattheintroductionofanirrelevantoption(calledthedecoy)toachoicesetdoes not change the preference between existing options. On the contrary, a wealth of behavioral data demonstrates the dependence of preference on the decoy and on the context in which the options are presented. Nevertheless, neural mechanismsunderlyingcontext-dependentpreferencearepoorlyunderstood.Inordertoshedlightonthesemechanisms, wedesignandperformanovelexperimenttomeasurewithin-subjectdecoyeffects.Wefindwithin-subjectdecoyeffects similartowhathavebeenshownpreviouslywithbetween-subjectdesigns.Moreimportantly,wefindthatnotonlyarethe decoyeffectscorrelated,pointingtosimilarunderlyingmechanisms,butalsotheseeffectsincreasewiththedistanceofthe decoyfromtheoriginaloptions.Toexplaintheseobservations,weconstructaplausibleneuronalmodelthatcanaccount for decoy effects based on the trial-by-trial adjustment of neural representations to the set of available options. This adjustment mechanism, which we call range normalization, occurs when the nervous system is required to represent differentstimulidistinguishably,whilebeinglimitedtousingboundedneuralactivity.Theproposedmodelcapturesour experimentalobservationsandmakesnewpredictionsabouttheinfluenceofthechoicesetsizeonthedecoyeffects,which areincontrasttopreviousmodelsofcontext-dependentchoicepreference.Critically,unlikepreviouspsychol