A Strong Deletion Bias in Nonallelic Gene Conversion 英文参考文献.docVIP

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A Strong Deletion Bias in Nonallelic Gene Conversion 英文参考文献.doc

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A Strong Deletion Bias in Nonallelic Gene Conversion 英文参考文献

AStrongDeletionBiasinNonallelicGeneConversion RaquelAssis1*,AlexeyS.Kondrashov2,3 1Department of Integrative Biology, Center for Theoretical Evolutionary Genomics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 2DepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,CenterforComputationalMedicineandBioinformatics,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesof America,3LifeSciencesInstitute,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Geneconversionistheunidirectionaltransferofgeneticinformationbetweenorthologous(allelic)orparalogous(nonallelic) genomic segments. Though a number of studies have examined nucleotide replacements, little is known about length differencemutationsproducedbygeneconversion.Here,weinvestigateinsertionsanddeletionsproducedbynonallelic gene conversion in 338 Drosophila and 10,149 primate paralogs. Using a direct phylogenetic approach, we identify 179 insertions and 614 deletions in Drosophila paralogs, and 132 insertions and 455 deletions in primate paralogs. Thus, nonallelicgeneconversionisstronglydeletion-biasedinbothlineages,withalmost3.5timesasmanyconversion-induced deletionsasinsertions.Inprimates,thedeletionbiasisconsiderablystrongerforlongindelsand,inbothlineages,theper- siterateofgeneconversionisordersofmagnitudeshigherthanthatofordinarymutation.Duetothishighrate,deletion- biased nonallelic gene conversion plays a key role in genome size evolution, leading to the cooperative shrinkage and eventualdisappearanceofselectivelyneutralparalogs. Citation:AssisR,KondrashovAS(2012)AStrongDeletionBiasinNonallelicGeneConversion.PLoSGenet8(2):e1002508.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002508 Editor:MikkelH.Schierup,AarhusUniversity,Denmark ReceivedJanuary27,2011;AcceptedDecember12,2011;PublishedFebruary16,2012 Copyright:?2012Assis,Kondrashov.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,pr