Aboveground Herbivory Shapes the Biomass Distribution and Flux of Soil Invertebrates 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Aboveground Herbivory Shapes the Biomass Distribution and Flux of Soil Invertebrates 英文参考文献.doc

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Aboveground Herbivory Shapes the Biomass Distribution and Flux of Soil Invertebrates 英文参考文献

AbovegroundHerbivoryShapestheBiomass DistributionandFluxofSoilInvertebrates ChristianMulder1*,HenriA.DenHollander1,A.JanHendriks2 1Department of Ecology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM-LER, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, 2Department of Environmental Science, InstituteforWaterandWetlandResearch,RadboudUniversity,Nijmegen,TheNetherlands Abstract Background:Livingsoilinvertebratesprovideauniversalcurrencyforqualitythatintegratesphysicalandchemicalvariables with biogeography as the invertebrates reflect their habitat andmost ecological changes occurring therein. The specific goal was the identification of ‘‘reference’’ states for soil sustainability and ecosystem functioning in grazed vs. ungrazed sites. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Bacterialcellswerecountedbyfluorescentstainingandcombineddirectmicroscopyand automatic image analysis; invertebrates (nematodes, mites, insects, oligochaetes) were sampled and their body size measuredindividuallytoallowallometricscaling.Numericalallometryanalysesfoodwebsbyadirectcomparisonofweight averagesofcomponentsandthusmightcharacterizethedetritalsoilfoodwebsofour135sitesregardlessoftaxonomy. Sharpdifferencesinthefrequencydistributionsareshown.Overallhigherbiomassesofinvertebratesoccuringrasslands, andalllargersoilorganismsdifferedremarkably. Conclusions/Significance:Strongstatisticalevidencesupportsahypothesisexplainingfromanallometricperspectivehow thefaunalbiomassdistributionandtheenergeticfluxareaffectedbylivestock,nutrientavailabilityandlanduse.Ouraimis to propose faunal biomass flux and biomass distribution as quantitative descriptors of soil community composition and function,andtoillustratetheapplicationoftheseallometricindicatorstosoilsystems. Citation:MulderC,DenHollanderHA,HendriksAJ(2008)AbovegroundHerbivoryShapestheBiomassDistributionandFluxofSoilInvertebrates.PLoSONE3(10): e3573.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003573 Editor:JeromeChave,CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,France ReceivedSeptem