ImmobilizedEnzymeSystems.ppt

Immobilized Enzyme Systems Enzyme Immobilization: - Easy separation from reaction mixture, providing the ability to control reaction times and minimize the enzymes lost in the product. - Re-use of enzymes for many reaction cycles, lowering the total production cost of enzyme mediated reactions. - Ability of enzymes to provide pure products. - Possible provision of a better environment for enzyme activity - Diffusional limitation Entrapment Immobilization is based on the localization of an enzyme within the lattice of a polymer matrix or membrane. - retain enzyme - allow the penetration of substrate. It can be classified into matrix and micro capsule types.  Summary of Immobilization Methods Methods of Enzyme immobilization: - Entrapment - matrix - membrane (microencapsulation) - Surface immobilization - physical adsorption - ionic binding - covalent binding - Cross-linking Immobilized Enzyme Reactors Factors Affecting Enzyme Kinetics pH effects - on enzymes - enzymes have ionic groups on their active sites. - Variation of pH changes the ionic form of the active sites. - pH changes the three-Dimensional structure of enzymes. - on substrate - some substrates contain ionic groups - pH affects the ionic form of substrate affects the affinity of the substrate to the enzyme. * Immobilized Enzyme Systems Enzyme Immobilization: To restrict enzyme mobility in a fixed space. Immobilized Enzyme Systems Methods of Enzyme Immobilization: - Entrapment - Surface Immobilization - Cross-linking Immobilized Enzyme Systems Immobilized Enzyme Systems Entrapment - Matrix Entrapment - Membrane Entrapment (microencapsulation) Immobilized Enzyme Systems Matrix Materials: Organics: polysaccharides, proteins, carbon, vinyl and allyl polymers, and polyamides. e.g. Ca-alginate, agar, K-carrageenin, collagen Immobilization procedures: Enzyme + polymer solution → polymerization → extrusion/shape th