Action Potential Energy Efficiency Varies Among Neuron Types in Vertebrates and Invertebrates 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Action Potential Energy Efficiency Varies Among Neuron Types in Vertebrates and Invertebrates 英文参考文献.doc

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Action Potential Energy Efficiency Varies Among Neuron Types in Vertebrates and Invertebrates 英文参考文献

ActionPotentialEnergyEfficiencyVariesAmongNeuron TypesinVertebratesandInvertebrates BiswaSengupta1,2,MartinStemmler2,SimonB.Laughlin1,JeremyE.Niven1,3* 1NeuralCircuitDesign Group,Department ofZoology,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom, 2BCCNMunich, LMUMu¨nchen,Martinsried, Germany, 3SmithsonianTropicalResearchInstitute,Panama′, Repu′blicadePanama′ Abstract Theinitiationandpropagationofactionpotentials(APs)placeshighdemandsontheenergeticresourcesofneuraltissue. EachAPforcesATP-drivenionpumpstoworkhardertorestoretheionicconcentrationgradients,thusconsumingmore energy. Here, we ask whether the ionic currents underlying the AP can be predicted theoretically from the principle of minimumenergyconsumption.Along-heldsuppositionthatAPsareenergeticallywasteful,basedontheoreticalanalysisof the squidgiantaxon AP,has recently been overturned by studies that measured thecurrents contributing tothe APin severalmammalianneurons.Inthesinglecompartmentmodelsstudiedhere,APenergyconsumptionvariesgreatlyamong vertebrate and invertebrate neurons, with several mammalian neuron models using close to the capacitive minimum of energyneeded.Strikingly,energyconsumptioncanincreasebymorethanten-foldsimplybychangingtheoverlapofthe + + Na andK currentsduringtheAPwithoutchangingtheAPsshape.Asaconsequence,theheightandwidthoftheAPare poorpredictorsofenergyconsumption.IntheHodgkin–Huxleymodelofthesquidaxon,optimizingthekineticsornumber + + ofNa andK channelscanwhittledownthenumberofATPmoleculesneededforeachAPbyafactoroffour.Incontrastto thesquidAP,thetemporalprofileofthecurrentsunderlyingAPsofsomemammalianneuronsarenearlyperfectlymatched totheoptimizedpropertiesofionicconductancessoastominimizetheATPcost. Citation: Sengupta B, Stemmler M, Laughlin SB, Niven JE (2010) Action Potential Energy Efficiency Varies Among Neuron Types in Vertebrates and Invertebrates.PLoSComputBiol6(7):e1000840.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000840 Editor:KarlJ.Friston,UniversityCollegeLondon,UnitedKingdo