An Anomalous Type IV Secretion System in Rickettsia Is Evolutionarily Conserved 英文参考文献.docVIP

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An Anomalous Type IV Secretion System in Rickettsia Is Evolutionarily Conserved 英文参考文献.doc

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An Anomalous Type IV Secretion System in Rickettsia Is Evolutionarily Conserved 英文参考文献

AnAnomalousTypeIVSecretionSysteminRickettsiaIs EvolutionarilyConserved JosephJ.Gillespie1,2*,NicoleC.Ammerman2,SheilaM.Dreher-Lesnick2,M.SayeedurRahman2,MicahJ. Worley3,JoaoC.Setubal1,4,BrunoS.Sobral1,AbduF.Azad2 1VirginiaBioinformaticsInstituteatVirginiaTech,Blacksburg,Virginia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofMicrobiologyandImmunology,UniversityofMaryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 3Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America, 4DepartmentofComputerScience,VirginiaTech,Blacksburg,Virginia,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:BacterialtypeIVsecretionsystems(T4SSs)compriseadiversetransporterfamilyfunctioninginconjugation, competence, and effector molecule (DNA and/or protein) translocation. Thirteen genome sequences from Rickettsia, obligate intracellular symbionts/pathogens of a wide range of eukaryotes, have revealed a reduced T4SS relative to the Agrobacteriumtumefaciensarchetype(vir).However,theRickettsiaT4SShasnotbeenfunctionallycharacterizedforitsrole insymbiosis/virulence,andnoneofitssubstratesareknown. Results: Superimposition of T4SS structural/functional information over previously identified Rickettsia components implicateafunctionalRickettsiaT4SS.virB4,virB8andvirB9areduplicated,yetonlyonecopyofeachhastheconserved features of similar genes in other T4SSs. An extraordinarily duplicated VirB6 gene encodes five hydrophobic proteins conservedonlyinashortregionknowntobeinvolvedinDNAtransferinA.tumefaciens.virB1,virB2andvirB7arenewly identified,revealingaRickettsiaT4SSlackingonlyvirB5relativetothevirarchetype.Phylogenyestimationsuggestsvertical inheritanceofallcomponents,despitegenerearrangementsintoanarchipelagooffiveislets.SimilaritiesofRickettsiaVirB7/ VirB9toComB7/ComB9proteinsofe-proteobacteria,aswellasphylogeneticaffinitiestotheLegionellalvhT4SS,implythe Rickettsialesancestoracquiredavir-likelocusfromdistantlyrelatedbacteria,perhapswhileresidinginaprotozoan