Attentive and Pre-Attentive Processes in Change Detection and Identification 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Attentive and Pre-Attentive Processes in Change Detection and Identification 英文参考文献.doc

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Attentive and Pre-Attentive Processes in Change Detection and Identification 英文参考文献

AttentiveandPre-AttentiveProcessesinChange DetectionandIdentification HowardC.Hughes1*,GideonPaulCaplovitz2,RebeccaA.Loucks1,RobertFendrich1 1DepartmentofPsychologicalandBrainSciences,DartmouthCollege,Hanover,NewHampshire,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofPsychology,Universityof NevadaReno,Reno,Nevada,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Instudiesofchangeblindness,observersoftenhavethephenomenologicalimpressionthattheblindnessisovercomeallat once,sothatchangedetection,localizationandidentificationapparentlyoccurtogether.Threeexperimentsaredescribed thatexploredissociationsbetweentheseprocessesusingadiscretetrialprocedureinwhich2visualframesarepresented sequentially with no intervening inter-frame-interval. The results reveal that change detection and localization are essentiallyperfectundertheseconditionsregardlessofthenumberofelementsinthedisplay,whichisconsistentwiththe idea that change detection and localization are mediated by pre-attentive parallel processes. In contrast, identification accuracy for an item before it changes is generally poor, and is heavily dependent on the number of items displayed. Identificationaccuracyafterachangeissubstantiallybetter,butdependsonthenewitem’sduration.Thissuggeststhatthe changecapturesattention,whichsubstantiallyenhancesthelikelihoodofcorrectlyidentifyingthenewitem.However,the resultsalsorevealalimitedcapacitytoidentifyunattendeditems.Specifically,weprovideevidencethatstronglysuggests that, at least under these conditions, observers were able to identify two items without focused attention. Our results furthersuggestthatspatialpre-cuesthatattractattentiontoanitembeforethechangeoccurssimplyensurethatthecued itemisoneofthetwowhoseidentityisencoded. Citation:HughesHC,CaplovitzGP,LoucksRA,FendrichR(2012)AttentiveandPre-AttentiveProcessesinChangeDetectionandIdentification.PLoSONE7(8): e42851.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042851 Editor:SuliannBenHamed,CNRS-Universite′ ClaudeBernardLyon1,France ReceivedApril5,2012;AcceptedJuly12,2012