Biochemical Diversification through Foreign Gene Expression in Bdelloid Rotifers 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Biochemical Diversification through Foreign Gene Expression in Bdelloid Rotifers 英文参考文献.doc

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Biochemical Diversification through Foreign Gene Expression in Bdelloid Rotifers 英文参考文献

BiochemicalDiversificationthroughForeignGene ExpressioninBdelloidRotifers ChiaraBoschetti1.,AdrianCarr2,3.,AlastairCrisp1.,IsobelEyres4,YuanWang-Koh2,EstherLubzens1,5, TimothyG.Barraclough4,GosMicklem2,3*,AlanTunnacliffe1* 1DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandBiotechnology,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom,2DepartmentofGenetics,UniversityofCambridge, Cambridge,UnitedKingdom,3CambridgeSystemsBiologyCentre,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom,4DepartmentofLifeSciences,ImperialCollegeLondon,London,United Kingdom,5NationalInstituteofOceanography,Haifa,Israel Abstract Bdelloid rotifers aremicroinvertebrates withunique characteristics: theyhavesurvived tensofmillions ofyears without sexualreproduction;theywithstandextremedesiccationbyundergoinganhydrobiosis;andtheytolerateveryhighlevels of ionizing radiation. Recent evidence suggests that subtelomeric regions of the bdelloid genome contain sequences originating from other organisms by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), of which some are known to be transcribed. However,theextenttowhichforeigngeneexpressionplaysaroleinbdelloidphysiologyisunknown.Weaddressthisin the first large scale analysis of the transcriptome of the bdelloid Adineta ricciae: cDNA libraries from hydrated and desiccated bdelloids were subjected to massively parallel sequencing and assembled transcripts compared against the UniProtKB database byblastx toidentify their putative products. Of ,29,000 matched transcripts, ,10% were inferred from blastx matches to be horizontally acquired, mainly from eubacteria but also from fungi, protists, and algae. After allowing for possible sources of error, the rate of HGT is at least 8%–9%, a level significantly higher than other invertebrates. Weverified their foreign nature byphylogenetic analysis andbydemonstrating linkage offoreign genes withmetazoangenesinthebdelloidgenome.Approximately 80%ofhorizontally acquiredgenesexpressedinbdelloids codeforenzymes,andtheserepresent39%ofenzymesinidentifiedpathways.Manyenzymes