Educating Enough Competent Health Professionals Advancing Educational Innovation at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Educating Enough Competent Health Professionals Advancing Educational Innovation at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania 英文参考文献.doc

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Educating Enough Competent Health Professionals Advancing Educational Innovation at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania 英文参考文献

HealthinAction EducatingEnoughCompetentHealthProfessionals: AdvancingEducationalInnovationatMuhimbili UniversityofHealthandAlliedSciences,Tanzania EphataE.Kaaya1,SarahB.Macfarlane2*,CharlesA.Mkony1,EligiusF.Lyamuya1,HelenLoeser2, PhyllisFreeman3,EdwardK.Kirumira4,KisaliPallangyo1,HaileT.Debas2 1MuhimbiliUniversityofHealthandAlliedSciences,DaresSalaam,Tanzania,2UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,SanFrancisco,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 3JournalofPublicHealthPolicy,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4MakerereUniversity,Kampala,Uganda TheNeedtoReformHealth ProfessionsEducationin Tanzania physician supervisors, but COs and sole institution training graduate health professionals in Tanzania. At MUHAS, medicine dates to 1963, pharmacy to 1974, public health (as community med- icine) to 1976, dentistry to 1979, and nursing to 1988. In 2007, MUHAS gained its charter as a public university of health sciences and still teaches the largest number of health professional students. Itisnowjoinedbyanewpublic university inDodoma (admitting medical students from 2009) and seven private universities (1997–2010) (Table 1). The authors (EEK, EL, and CM) estimate AMOs commonly work without such supervision, and thus beyond their levels oftraining. As immediate and crushing as the health burden is for Tanzania and across Africa,healthsystemswillnotcopebetter without many more health professionals competenttoplayleadingrolesinmeeting population needs. Thus, national and internationalstrategiesdependfundamen- tallyonuniversities,andontheirtransfor- mation into modern engines for change andascustodiansofqualityeducation. Tanzaniasuffersanextremeshortageof healthworkers[1].A2006facility survey undertaken in Tanzania (Mainland and Zanzibar) suggests that about 39 nurses and midwives, between three and four medical doctors, and fewer than one pharmacistordentistservedapopulation of 100,000 [2]. The Ministry of Health andSocialWelfareestimatedthatin2006 about 29,000 go