电容等效串联电阻及其在地球物理勘探中的应用.docx

电容等效串联电阻及其在地球物理勘探中的应用 商木元 天津地质研究院 天津 300061 摘要 理想电容的电介质是不导电的。在RC电路中电容充电开始时电位为0。在充电完成后电流为0。实际的电容都存在等效串联电阻ESR (equivalent?series?resistance)。由于等效串联电阻作用，实际电容在开始充电时，电位不为0，而有一初始电位-纹波电位。在电容充电完成后电流不为0，而有一漏电电流。地质体在充电、放电有同样的现象，即开始充电时有一次电位，充电完毕后仍有一稳定电流。理想电阻是不隔电的，在交流电通过时，阻抗不变。实际电阻都存在寄生电容、电感，电阻阻抗是变化的，随交流电频率的提高，阻抗开始降低，到一定频率后，阻抗开始升高。地质体是实际的电阻，因此，存在电容。地质体的电阻可看做是一系列电阻元件组合，那么它的电容也是一系列电容元件的组合。分析电容等效串联电阻和纹波电位、漏电电流、充电电位及充电电流的关系，以期运用电容的等效串联电阻性质进行地球物理勘探。 关键词 电容 等效串联电阻 寄生电容 漏电 极化 地质体 物探 The capacitance nature of geologic body and its application on geophysical exploration SHANG Mu-Yuan Tianjin Geological Academy Abstract The dielectric of a ideal capacitor is not conductive. The initial voltage of a capacitor is 0 while it is charged in RC circuit. The current of the capacitor is 0 when it has been full charged. There is a equivalent series resistance (ESR) in a real capacitor. Because of the ESR, The initial voltage of the capacitor is not 0 while it is charged in RC circuit. Instead of that, there is a ripple voltage. The current of the capacitor is not 0 when it has been full charged. Instead of that, there is a leakage current. There is a same phenomenon while geologic body is charged and discharged. That is that there is a primary voltage while the charging is started and there is constant current. The ideal resistor is no diselectric. The impedance will be changed when under an AC. There are parasitic capacitance and inductance in a real resistor. The impedance of a resistor is varied in an AC circuit. The impedance gets power when the frequency increased at the beginning and it gets higher at a certain frequency. A geological body is actually a resistor. So, there is capacitance in it. A geological body could be taken as composition of many resistor components. So, a geological body could also be taken as composition of many capacitance components. The relationship between the EERS and ripple voltage, leakage current, charging voltage and current has been studied in order to apply