Herbivory, Connectivity, and Ecosystem Resilience Response of a Coral Reef to a Large-Scale Perturbation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Herbivory, Connectivity, and Ecosystem Resilience Response of a Coral Reef to a Large-Scale Perturbation 英文参考文献.doc

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Herbivory, Connectivity, and Ecosystem Resilience Response of a Coral Reef to a Large-Scale Perturbation 英文参考文献

Herbivory,Connectivity,andEcosystemResilience: ResponseofaCoralReeftoaLarge-ScalePerturbation ThomasC.Adam1*,RussellJ.Schmitt1,2,SallyJ.Holbrook1,2,AndrewJ.Brooks1,PeterJ.Edmunds3, RobertC.Carpenter3,GiacomoBernardi4 1CoastalResearchCenter,MarineScienceInstitute,UniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbara,SantaBarbara,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofEcology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, 3Department of Biology, California State UniversityNorthridge,Northridge,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofCaliforniaSantaCruz,SantaCruz, California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Coralreefsworld-widearethreatenedbyescalatinglocalandglobalimpacts,andsomeimpactedreefshaveshiftedfrom coraldominancetoastatedominatedbymacroalgae.Therefore,thereisagrowingneedtounderstandtheprocessesthat affectthecapacityoftheseecosystemstoreturntocoraldominancefollowingdisturbances,includingthosethatprevent theestablishmentofpersistentstandsofmacroalgae.UnlikemanyreefsintheCaribbean,overthelastseveraldecades, reefsaroundtheIndo-PacificislandofMoorea,FrenchPolynesiahaveconsistentlyreturnedtocoraldominancefollowing major perturbations without shiftingtoamacroalgae-dominatedstate. Here, wepresentevidence ofarapid increasein populationsofherbivorousfishesfollowingthemostrecentperturbation,andshowthatgrazingbytheseherbivoreshas preventedtheestablishmentofmacroalgaefollowingnearcompletelossofcoralonoffshorereefs.Importantly,wefound thepositiveresponseofherbivorousfishestoincreasedbenthicprimaryproductivityassociatedwithcorallosswasdriven largelybyparrotfishesthatinitiallyrecruittostablenurseryhabitatwithinthelagoonsbeforemovingtooffshorereefslater inlife.Theseresultsunderscoretheimportanceofconnectivitybetweenthelagoonandoffshorereefsforpreventingthe establishmentofmacroalgaefollowingdisturbances,andindicatethatprotectingnearshorenurseryhabitatofherbivorous