Microsatellite Support for Active Inbreeding in a Cichlid Fish 英文参考文献.docVIP

MicrosatelliteSupportforActiveInbreedinginaCichlid Fish KathrinLangen1*,JuliaSchwarzer2,HaraldKullmann3,TheoC.M.Bakker1,TimoThu¨nken1 1InstituteforEvolutionaryBiologyandEcology,UniversityofBonn,Bonn,Germany,2ZoologischesForschungsmuseumAlexanderKoenig,Bonn,Germany,3Zentrumfu¨r DidaktikderBiologie,UniversityofMu¨nster,Mu¨nster,Germany Abstract In wild animal populations, the degree of inbreeding differs between species and within species between populations. Becausematingwithkinoftenresultsininbreedingdepression,observedinbreedingisusuallyregardedtobecausedby limited outbreeding opportunities due to demographic factors like small population size or population substructuring. However, theory predicts inclusive benefits from mating with kin, and thus part of the observed variation in inbreeding mightbeduetoactiveinbreedingpreferences.Althoughsomerecentstudiesindeedreportkinmatingpreferences,the evidenceisstillhighlyambiguous.Here,weinvestigateinbreedinginanaturalpopulationoftheWestAfricancichlidfish Pelvicachromis taeniatus which showed clear kin mating preferences in standardized laboratory experiments but no inbreedingdepression.Thepresentedmicrosatelliteanalysisrevealsthatthenaturalpopulationhas,incomparisontotwo referencepopulations,areducedallelicdiversity(A=3)resultinginalowheterozygosity(Ho=0.167)pointingtoahighly inbredpopulation.Furthermore,wefoundasignificantheterozygotedeficitnotonlyatpopulation(Fis=0.116)butalsoat subpopulation level (Fis=0.081) suggesting that inbreeding is not only a by-product of population substructuring but possiblyaconsequenceofbehavioralkinpreferences. Citation:LangenK,SchwarzerJ,KullmannH,BakkerTCM,Thu¨nkenT(2011)MicrosatelliteSupportforActiveInbreedinginaCichlidFish.PLoSONE6(9):e24689. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024689 Editor:BengtHansson,LundUniversity,Sweden ReceivedJanuary27,2011;AcceptedAugust18,2011;PublishedSeptember30,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Langen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Crea