Nanotechnology and the Developing World 英文参考文献.docVIP

Open access, freely available online Policy Forum Nanotechnology and the Developing World Fabio Salamanca-Buentello, Deepa L. Persad, Erin B. Court, Douglas K. Martin, Abdallah S. Daar, Peter A. Singer* N anotechnology can be harnessed to address some of the world’s most critical in the world behind the United States and Japan [4]. In Brazil, the projected budget for nanoscience during the 2004–2007 period is about $25 million, and three institutes, four networks, and approximately 300 scientists are working in nanotechnology [5]. The South African Nanotechnology Initiative (http:??.za) is a national network of academic designed to assist UN agencies in achieving the UN MDGs) addresses the potential of nanotechnology for sustainable development. development problems. However, to our knowledge, there has been no systematic prioritization of applications of nanotechnology targeted toward these challenges faced by the 5 billion people living in the developing world. In this article, we aim to convey three key messages. First, we show that developing countries are already harnessing nanotechnology to address some of their most pressing needs. Second, we identify and rank the ten applications of nanotechnology most likely to bene?t developing countries, and demonstrate that these applications can contribute to the attainment of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Third, we propose a way for the international community to accelerate the use of these top nanotechnologies by less industrialized countries to meet critical sustainable development challenges. Top Ten Nanotechnologies Contributing to the MDGs In order to provide a systematic approach with which to address sustainable development issues in the developing world, we have identi?ed and ranked the ten applications of nanotechnology most likely to bene?t developing countries. We used a modi?ed Delphi Method, as described in our Top Ten Biotechnologies report [9] to identify and prioritize the