New Prospects for Research on Manipulation of Insect Vectors by Pathogens 英文参考文献.docVIP

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New Prospects for Research on Manipulation of Insect Vectors by Pathogens 英文参考文献.doc

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New Prospects for Research on Manipulation of Insect Vectors by Pathogens 英文参考文献

Opinions NewProspectsforResearchonManipulation ofInsectVectorsbyPathogens Thierry Lefe`vre*,Jacob C.Koella, Franc?ois Renaud, Hilary Hurd, David G.Biron, Frederic Thomas ′ ′ A growingnumberofstudiesdemonstrate,orsuggest, thatvector-borneparasitesmanipulatephenotypic traitsoftheirvectorsandhostsinwaysthatincrease thereversetendencymightbeexpectedinorderto?nda sexualpartnerofadifferentstrain.Totestforthequalitative manipulationhypothesis,adual-portolfactometercouldbe contactsbetweenthem,andhencefavourtheparasites’ transmission[1,2].Understandingtheseprocessesisnotonly excitingforpurelyscienti?creasonsbutalsoimportant becauseoftheirroleinappliedparasitology,suchas epidemiologyandmedicine.Themostfrequentlyreported changesinducedbyvector-borneparasitesarealterationsof bitingratesinvectorsorofattractivenessinvertebratehosts [3,4].Ouraimhereistoelaboratefurtheronsomepotentially interestingandimportantavenuesforfutureresearchinthis area.Webeginthispaperwithabriefoverviewofthemain mechanismsusedbyvectorstolocatetheirvertebratehost,as ithelpstograspthefundamentalsoftheresearchon manipulationinvectors,aswellasitscurrentchallenges. Bloodsuckinginsectshavewell-developedsensorial usedtoquantifythebehaviouralresponsesofinfectedand uninfectedinsectvectorstovolatilesemittedbydifferent hostspecies.Forinstance,Glossinapalpalisgambiensishasa broadrangeofhostsincentralAfrica(humans,reptiles, bushbuck,andox)andisthemainvectorofTrypanosomabrucei gambienseresponsibleforthemedicallyimportantHuman Africantrypanosomiasis.Wewouldpredictthatonce infected,?iesaremoreattractedbyhumancuesthanbythose ofothervertebrates. machinerytolocateandchoosetheirhost[5].Hostlocation behaviourisusuallyorganizedintothreeareaswhichshow considerablevariationamongvectorspecies:(i)theappetitive search,(ii)theactivationandorientation,and(iii)the attraction.Thetwolaststepsinvolveinsectresponsesto externalstimuli,mainlyvisualandodourcues,butalsoheat andtoalesserextent,watervapourandsound[5].Visionis mostwidelyusedbyd