2013人教版必修2unit 3“computers”课件3.pptVIP

* * Section Ⅱ Learning about Language 现在完成时的被动语态 一、结构 have/has＋been＋及物动词的过去分词 二、用法 1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前，并强调对现在造成的 影响或结果。如： The door has been locked. 门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在， 并可能继续持续下去，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用， 或用于“How long...？”问句中。如： They have been told about it for many times. 他们被告知这件事很多次了。 How long has the machine been used? 这机器用了有多久了？ 注意：(1)由 finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, marry, open 等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能直接与表示 一段时间的短语如 for four days, how long 等连用，需要改换动 词或时态。如： How long has this book been bought？(×) How long has this book been had？(√) When was this book bought？(√) 这本书买了多久了？ 但这类动词的否定式可以表示动作的持续过程，因而可与 since 或 for 引导的时间状语连用。如： No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 (2)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持 完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如： The orphan has been well looked after. 这个孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。 一、用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 1．Who will be sent there ____________________ (not decide) yet. 2 ． So far, almost two-thirds of this book ________________ (learn) in all. 3．It is said that the bridge ____________________ (close) for repairs for months. 4．Our school area ___________________ (enlarge) for many times in the last few years. hasnt been decided has been learnt has been closed has been enlarged 5 ．This is one of the farthest places that ________________ (explore) so far in that country. 6 ． In recent years, much progress ____________________ (make) as a result of his efforts. 7 ． The government has proved that most of the buildings ____________________ (destroy), leaving many people dead or injured. 8 ．By now, all the letters ____________________ (type) for your convenience. have been explored has been made have been destroyed have been typed