Nonlinear Muscles, Passive Viscoelasticity and Body Taper Conspire To Create Neuromechanical Phase Lags in Anguilliform Swimmers 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Nonlinear Muscles, Passive Viscoelasticity and Body Taper Conspire To Create Neuromechanical Phase Lags in Anguilliform Swimmers 英文参考文献
NonlinearMuscles,PassiveViscoelasticityandBody
TaperConspireToCreateNeuromechanicalPhaseLags
inAnguilliformSwimmers
T.McMillen1*,T.Williams2,P.Holmes3,4
1Department of Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America, 2Basic Medical Sciences, St. George’s University of
London, London, United Kingdom, 3Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America,
4DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NewJersey,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Abstract
Locomotionprovidessuperbexamplesofcooperationamongneuromuscularsystems,environmentalreactionforces,and
sensoryfeedback.Aspartofaprogramtounderstandtheneuromechanicsoflocomotion,hereweconstructamodelof
anguilliform(eel-like)swimminginslenderfishes.Buildingonacontinuummechanicalrepresentationofthebodyasan
viscoelastic rod, actuated by a traveling wave of preferred curvature and subject to hydrodynamic reaction forces, we
incorporate a new version of a calcium release and muscle force model, fitted to data from the lamprey Ichthyomyzon
unicuspis,thatinteractivelygeneratesthecurvaturewave.Weusethemodeltoinvestigatethesourceofthedifferencein
speeds observed between electromyographic waves of muscle activation and mechanical waves of body curvature,
concludingthatitisduetoacombinationofpassiveviscoelasticandgeometricpropertiesofthebodyandactivemuscle
properties.Moreover,wefindthatnonlinearforcedependenceonmusclelengthandshorteningvelocitymayreducethe
workdonebytheswimmingmusclesinsteadyswimming.
Citation:McMillenT,WilliamsT,HolmesP(2008)NonlinearMuscles,PassiveViscoelasticityandBodyTaperConspireToCreateNeuromechanicalPhaseLagsin
AnguilliformSwimmers.PLoSComputBiol4(8):e1000157.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000157
Editor:TomDaniel,UniversityofWashington,UnitedStatesofAmerica
ReceivedDecember14,2007;AcceptedJuly15,2008;PublishedAugust29,2008
Copyright: ? 2008 McMillen et al. This is an open-ac
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