高考英语一轮语法专题复习课件-定语从句精要.ppt

* * 定语从句：在复合句中修饰并限定名词或代词的从句。这个名词或代词称为“先行词”，而引导定语从句的词称为“关系词”。定语从句置于先行词的后面。如： He is the man who/that wants to see you. 他就是想见你的那个人。 在上句中，the man 是先行词，who/that 是关系词，who/that 引导的定语从句修饰the man。 一、关系词的选用与判断 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择取决于先行词和关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。关系词一共有九个，它们在从句中的用法如下表。 He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(whose 在从句中作定语) The package which/that he was carrying was mine.(which/that在从句中作宾语) We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.(as在从句中作宾语) There are occasions when one must yield.(when在从句中作状语) Beijing is the place where I was born.(where在从句中作状语) Is this the reason why he refused our offer？(why在从句中作状语) 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉定语从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 I was the only person in our office who was invited to the party. (去掉who引导的定语从句，句子意思就不完整) 2．非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号与主句分隔开，不能用that引导。 Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. (去掉who引导的非限制性定语从句，句子意思仍完整) 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉定语从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 I was the only person in our office who was invited to the party. (去掉who引导的定语从句，句子意思就不完整) 2．非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号与主句分隔开，不能用that引导。 Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. (去掉who引导的非限制性定语从句，句子意思仍完整) 2)用which而不用 that的情况： ①引导非限制性定语从句。 ②代表整个主句的意思。 ③介词＋关系代词。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year. 2．as引导定语从句时的用法 1)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such… as结构中。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 2)as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来补充说明整个句子。通常用于下列句型： as is known to all　众所周知 as is said above　综上所述 as is reported in the newspaper　正如报纸所报道的 as is announced　正如宣布的那样 as we all know　正如我们所知 as I expect　正如我预料的那样 as everybody knows　正如大家所知 as we can see　正如我们所看到的那样 as I have said　正如我所说的那样 as is often the case　通常如此 as might have been expected　不出所料 as is mentioned above　正如上面提到的 As I expected, he