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Pruning Brain Vasculature for Efficiency 英文参考文献
Synopsis
PruningBrainVasculatureforEfficiency
CaitlinSedwick*
FreelanceScienceWriter,SanDiego,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Thebrainisconstantlyintegratingand
analyzinginformationfrommyriadsourc-
es. All this activity requires a continuous
flow of nutrients that, in higher verte-
brates,issuppliedtothebrainthroughan
elaborate network of blood vessels—the
brainvasculature.Butit’safragilesystem;
disruption or malformation of the brain
vasculaturecancauseseriousneurological
problems. For that reason, it’s important
tounderstandhowthebrainvasculatureis
formedandmaintained.
rangements, where a short blood vessel
bridges two parallel ones. Over the next
few days, the lengths of individual vessel
segments within that network increased.
Nonetheless,thedegreeofcomplexityand
interconnectedness within the network
significantlydecreasedatthesametime.
This decrease in network complexity
was achieved through conversion of O-
shapedandH-shapedstructurestosimpler
topologies.Forexample,thebridgemight
disappear from an H-shaped structure
(leaving two parallel vessels), while O-
shaped structures could change into a
simple straight pipe. These alterations
occurred over the course of 1–2 days,
with certain vessel segments becoming
thinner and then collapsing around their
hollowlumensastheywereprunedaway.
Whyandhowdoessuchpruningoccur?
Theauthorshypothesizedthattheaffected
blood vessels may be redundant and that
pruning them increases the efficiency of
bloodflowwithinthebrain.Toinvestigate
this possibility, Chen et al. employed a
different line of transgenic zebrafish that
expresses fluorescent labels on both vas-
cular endothelial cells and on blood cells.
Usingtheseanimals,theresearcherswere
abletomonitorthevelocityanddirection
ofbloodflowthroughoutthemidbrain.
As expected, pruning increased mean
blood flow velocity and decreased the
numberofvessels exhibiting bidirectional
blood flow. It also turned out that vessel
segmentsthatwereprunedlatergenerally
The earliest steps of
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