Quantifying the Ocean, Freshwater and Human Effects on Year-to-Year Variability of One-Sea-Winter Atlantic Salmon Angled in Multiple Norwegian Rivers 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantifying the Ocean, Freshwater and Human Effects on Year-to-Year Variability of One-Sea-Winter Atlantic Salmon Angled in Multiple Norwegian Rivers 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantifying the Ocean, Freshwater and Human Effects on Year-to-Year Variability of One-Sea-Winter Atlantic Salmon Angled in Multiple Norwegian Rivers 英文参考文献

QuantifyingtheOcean,FreshwaterandHumanEffects onYear-to-YearVariabilityofOne-Sea-WinterAtlantic SalmonAngledinMultipleNorwegianRivers JaimeOtero1*,ArneJ.Jensen2,JanHenningL’Abe′e-Lund3,NilsChr.Stenseth1,4,GeirO.Storvik1,5 ,Leif Asbj?rnV?llestad1 1Department ofBiology, Centre for EcologicalandEvolutionarySynthesis (CEES), University ofOslo, Oslo,Norway, 2Norwegian Institute forNature Research (NINA), Trondheim,Norway,3NorwegianWaterResourcesandEnergyDirectorate(NVE),Oslo,Norway,4InstituteofMarineResearch(IMR),Fl?devigenMarineResearchStation, His,Norway,5DepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofOslo,Oslo,Norway Abstract ManyAtlanticsalmon,Salmosalar,populationsaredecreasingthroughoutthespecies’distributionalrangeprobablydueto severalfactorsactinginconcert.Anumberofstudieshavedocumentedtheinfluenceoffreshwaterandoceanconditions, climatevariabilityandhumanimpactsresultingfromimpoundmentandaquaculture.However,mostpreviousresearchhas focusedonanalyzingsingleoronlyafewpopulations,andquantifiedisolatedeffectsratherthanhandlingmultiplefactors inconjunction.Byusingamulti-rivermixed-effectsmodelweestimatedtheeffectsofoceanicandriverconditions,aswell ashumanimpacts,onyear-to-yearandbetween-rivervariabilityacross60timeseriesofrecreationalcatchofone-sea-winter salmon(grilse)fromNorwegianriversover29years(1979–2007).Warmcoastaltemperaturesatthetimeofsmoltentrance into the sea and increased water discharge during upstream migration of mature fish were associated with higher rod catchesofgrilse.Whenhydropowerstationswerepresentinthecourseoftheriversystemsthestrengthoftherelationship withrunoffwasreduced.Catchesofgrilseintheriverincreasedsignificantlyfollowingthereductionoftheharvestingof thislife-stageatsea.However,anaveragedecreasingtemporaltrendwasstilldetectedandappearedtobestrongerinthe presenceofsalmonfarmsonthemigrationrouteofsmoltsincoastal/fjordareas.Theseresultssuggestthatbothoceanand freshwater conditions in conjunction with various human impacts contribute to shape interann