Recent Advances in Intracellular and In Vivo ROS Sensing Focus on Nanoparticle and Nanotube Applications 英文参考文献.docVIP

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 10660-10679; doi:10.3390/ijms130910660 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Review Recent Advances in Intracellular and In Vivo ROS Sensing: Focus on Nanoparticle and Nanotube Applications Larissa M. Uusitalo and Nadine Hempel * Nanobioscience Constellation, College of Nanoscale Sciences Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Rd., Albany, NY 12203, USA; E-Mail: luusitalo@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: nhempel@; Tel.: +1-518-956-7309; Fax: +1-518-437-8687. Received: 2 July 2012; in revised form: 2 August 2012 / Accepted: 16 August 2012 / Published: 24 August 2012 Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly being implicated in the regulation of cellular signaling cascades. Intracellular ROS fluxes are associated with cellular function ranging from proliferation to cell death. Moreover, the importance of subtle, spatio-temporal shifts in ROS during localized cellular signaling events is being realized. Understanding the biochemical nature of the ROS involved will enhance our knowledge of redox-signaling. An ideal intracellular sensor should therefore resolve real-time, localized ROS changes, be highly sensitive to physiologically relevant shifts in ROS and provide specificity towards a particular molecule. For in vivo applications issues such as bioavailability of the probe, tissue penetrance of the signal and signal-to-noise ratio also need to be considered. In the past researchers have heavily relied on the use of ROS-sensitive fluorescent probes and, more recently, genetically engineered ROS sensors. However, there is a great need to improve on current methods to address the above issues. Recently, the field of molecular sensing and imaging has begun to take advantage of the unique physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles and nanotub