Recessive Antimorphic Alleles Overcome Functionally Redundant Loci to Reveal TSO1 Function in Arabidopsis Flowers and Meristems 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Recessive Antimorphic Alleles Overcome Functionally Redundant Loci to Reveal TSO1 Function in Arabidopsis Flowers and Meristems 英文参考文献.doc

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Recessive Antimorphic Alleles Overcome Functionally Redundant Loci to Reveal TSO1 Function in Arabidopsis Flowers and Meristems 英文参考文献

RecessiveAntimorphicAllelesOvercomeFunctionally RedundantLocitoRevealTSO1FunctioninArabidopsis FlowersandMeristems PajaSijacic1,WanpengWang1,2,ZhongchiLiu1* 1Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 2Plant Science Graduate Program, DepartmentofPlantScienceandLandscapeArchitecture,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Arabidopsis TSO1 encodes a protein with conserved CXC domains known to bind DNA and is homologous to animal proteinsthatfunctioninchromatincomplexes.tso1mutantsfallintotwoclassesduetotheirdistinctphenotypes.ClassI, representedbytwodifferentmissensemutationsintheCXCdomain,leadstofailureinfloralorgandevelopment,sterility, andfasciatedinflorescencemeristems.ClassII,representedbyanonsensemutationandaT-DNAinsertionline,develops wild-type–like flowers and inflorescences but shows severely reduced fertility. The phenotypic variability of tso1 alleles presents challenges in determining the true function of TSO1. In this study, we use artificial microRNA, double mutant analysis, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to investigate the molecular basis underlying these two distinct classes of phenotypes. We show that the class I mutants could be converted into class II by artificial microRNA knockdownofthetso1mutanttranscript,suggestingthatclassIallelesproduceantimorphicmutantproteinsthatinterfere withfunctionallyredundantloci.WeidentifiedonesuchredundantfactorcodedbythecloselyrelatedTSO1homologSOL2. WeshowthattheclassIphenotypecanbemimickedbyknockingoutbothTSO1anditshomologSOL2indoublemutants. SuchantimorphicallelestargetingredundantfactorsarelikelyprevalentinArabidopsisandmaybecommoninorganisms withmanysetsofparalogousgenessuchashuman.Ourdatachallengetheconventionalviewthatrecessiveallelesare alwayshypomorphicornullandthatantimorphicallelesarealwaysdominant.Thisstudyshowsthatrecessiveallelescan alsobeantimorphicandcanproduceaphenot