Relation of Biospeckle Activity with Quality Attributes of Apples 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 6317-6327; doi:10.3390/s110606317 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Relation of Biospeckle Activity with Quality Attributes of Apples Artur Zdunek * and Justyna Cybulska Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland; E-Mail: j.cybulska@ipan.lublin.pl * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: a.zdunek@ipan.lublin.pl; Tel.: +48-81-744-5067; Fax: +48-81-744-5067. Received: 27 April 2011; in revised form: 7 June 2011 / Accepted: 8 June 2011 / Published: 14 June 2011 Abstract: Biospeckle is nondestructive optical technique based on the analysis of variations of laser light scattered from biological samples. Biospeckle activity reflects the state of the investigated object. In this study the relation of biospeckle activity (BA) with firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and starch content (SC) during the shelf life of seven apple cultivars was studied. The results showed that the quality attributes change significantly during storage. Significant and pronounced positive correlation between BA and SC was found. This result shows that degradation of starch granules, which could be stimulated to vibration by intracellular cyclosis, causes a lesser number of laser light scattering centers and results in smaller apparent biospeckle activity. Keywords: biospeckle; firmness; soluble solids content; titratable acidity; apple; starch; nondestructive 1. Introduction Postharvest softening of apple [Malus domestica (Borkh.)] fruit is a serious problem for growers [1]. Hence, there is need to evaluate apple quality at different stages of pre- and post-harvest technology in order to provide product of the best quality to consumers [2]. Recently, a few interesting optical techniques and devices have been developed and successfully used