国际商务期末复习精选.docx

CHAP1 全球化Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy.(全球化是指转向一个更为一体化与相互依存的世界经济）Globalization has two facets: 1) the globalization of markets 2) the globalization of production（市场的全球化和生产的全球化）EFFECT（影响）Critics worry that globalization will cause job losses, environmental degradation, and the cultural imperialism of global media and MNEs.(反对者认为全球化会导致失业，环境恶化，由于全球媒体和跨国公司导致的文化侵蚀）Supporters believe that increased trade and cross-border investment mean lower prices for goods and services, greater economic growth, higher consumer income, and more jobs（支持者相信会增加贸易，跨国投资意味着商品和服务更低价，更大的经济增长，更高的消费收入，更多就业）名词Globalization 全球化 globalization of markets市场全球化globalization of production生产全球化 factors of production 生产要素 world trade organization 世界贸易组织 world bank 世界银行 international monetary fund 国际货币基金组织 international trade 国际贸易 foreign direct investment FDI 对外直接投资 multinational enterprise MNE 跨国公司CHAP6 国际贸易理论Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口）Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差）It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损）Absolute Advantage 绝对优势Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品The Benefit of Absolute Advantage and Free TradeThe Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free