研究生英语系列教材上unit4原文翻译.docxVIP

The following text is extracted from Marriages and Families by Nijole V.Benokraitis. 下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。 The book has been used as a textbook for sociology courses and womens studies in a number of universities in the United States. 此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材， It highlights important contemporary changes in society and the family 它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化， and explores the choices that are available to family members, 探索了家庭成员所面临的选择， as well as the constraints that many of us do not recognize. 以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。 It examines the diversity of American families today, 该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性， using cross-cultural and multicultural comparisons 运用跨文化和多元文化的比较， to encourage creative thinking about the many critical issues that confront the family of the twenty-first century. 以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。 LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPS 爱和情感连系 Nijole V.Benokraitis 奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯 Love — as both an emotion and a behavior — is essential for human survival. 爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。 The family is usually our earliest and most important source of love and emotional support. 家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和情感支持的来源。 Babies and children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems 众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题， — for example, depression, headaches, physiological imppairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic difficulties 如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病， — that sometimes last a lifetime. 这些病有时会伴随他们一生。 In contrast, infants who are loved and cuddled typically gain more weight, cry less, and smile more. 而对比之下，拥有爱和拥抱的婴儿通常体重增加得快，哭得少，而笑得多。 By five years of age, they have been found to have significantly higher IQs and to score higher on language tests. 到了五岁时，他们的智商和语言测试的分数明显比前一类儿童高得多。 Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友， how well they do in school, 在学校的表现， how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, 如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况， and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. 以及他们成年后如何建立并且维