13-4圆孔衍射 光学仪器的分辨率wsj汇.pptVIP

一 圆孔衍射 13-4 圆孔衍射 光学仪器的分辨率 明暗相间同心圆环 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二、 光学仪器分辨率 物镜 ~ 圆孔 物点的象 ~ 衍射图样 (爱里斑) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 能分辨 恰能分辨 不能分辨 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. I I Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二 瑞利判据 恰能分辨 不能分辨 能分辨 第一个爱里斑边沿与第二个爱里斑中心重合 —— 恰能分辨。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三 光学仪器的分辨本领 艾里斑半角宽度 最小分辨角 恰能分辨 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. I D为光学仪器的孔径 定义：光学仪器分辨率 结论：提高光学仪器分辨率的途径： 1）加大光学仪器的孔径； 2）减小波长--电子显微镜(=1埃) 目前天文望远镜孔径最大已达5米，最小 分辩角达1.5510-7弧度. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 光学显微镜：分辨距离 0.2 m （可见光） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 例1 设人眼在正常照度下的瞳孔直径约为3mm，而在可见光中，人眼最敏感的波长为550nm，问 (1)人眼的最小分辨角有多大？ (2)若物体放在距人眼25cm（明视距离）处，则两物点间距为多大时才能被分辨？ 解 (1) (2) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解： a）虹膜（瞳孔）D~3mm b）睛珠（n=1.386) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 小结： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.