从我国人身权保护领中域看侵权法的功能.docVIP

从我国人身权保护领域看侵权法的功能 内容 提要: 我国 理论 界主要确认了侵权行为法一般具有补偿、惩罚、制裁、 教育 、保护权利、分担损失等功能。从我国人身权保护领域来看,侵权法最主要的功能应该是补偿。以《民法通则》为基础,由其他单行 法律 构成了我国侵权法对人身权利的保护体系,基本体现了侵权法在保护人身权利方面的补偿功能。而产品质量、医疗事故、工伤事故、道路 交通 等是最易发生侵犯人身权利案件的典型领域。我国相关法律在上述领域中都或多或少存在 问题 ,比如对受害人的补偿标准偏低、补偿范围过窄、赔偿方式不合理等,没有落实侵权法的补偿功能。同时,侵权法应当与 社会 保险、社会保障等救济机制相互配合,确保其补偿功能的实现。侵权法的 发展 趋势应是建立一种综合救济体制——设立综合救济基金,使得在大多数情况下受害人的损失都能得到及时、全面、有效的补偿。 关键词: 补偿功能/人身权/侵权法体系/综合救济体制 Abstract: The academic circles in our country confirm that tort law has the function of compensation, punishment,sanction, education, rightp rotection, sharing loss, or something. According to the field of p rotecting human body rightin our country, the compensation function should be the most important function of tort law. Based on the GeneralRule of CivilLaw, kinds of other separate laws have established the system of p rotecting the human body right in ourcountry. The p roduct quality, medical treatment accident, injury suffered accident and road traffic are the typ icalfields in which most the cases of infringing the human body rights happen. However , related laws on the fields abovehave some p roblemsmore or less. For examp le, the compensation standard is low, the compensation range is narrow,the compensation way is unreasonable. The compensation function is not fulfilled very well. Meanwhile, tort lawshould coordinate with other relief mechanism such as social insurance, social guarantee. Make sure that the compensation function can be fulfilled. Finally, the development trend of tort law is to establish a comp rehensive relieffund to compensate the victims’loss timely, overly and effectively atmost times. Key words: compensation function； human body right； tort law system； comp rehensive relief system 　一、对现有侵权法的功能的 分析 与 历史 回顾 综观侵权法的发展历史,无论在古代罗马还是在古代 中国 ,最初对侵权纠纷都采用刑事制裁的方式,经历了一个相当长的时间后,逐渐发展到民事规制和刑事制裁并用,可以说罗马法对私犯（侵权）行为的制裁经历了私人报复——协议赎罪金—— （罚金和赔偿）混合诉——损害赔偿诉这样一个发展阶段[1]。侵权行为法发展到近代,由于过错责任原则和自己责任原则这两大原则的确立,侵权行为法在制度设计上渐趋理性,更能体现社会的道德要求。到了 现代 ,随着机器大 工业 的发展,新能