Self-Referential Cognition and Empathy in Autism 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Self-Referential Cognition and Empathy in Autism 英文参考文献.doc

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Self-Referential Cognition and Empathy in Autism 英文参考文献

Self-ReferentialCognitionandEmpathyinAutism MichaelV.Lombardo*,JenniferL.Barnes¤,SallyJ.Wheelwright,SimonBaron-Cohen AutismResearchCentre,DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom Background. Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have profound impairments in the interpersonal social domain,butitisunclearifindividualswithASCalsohaveimpairmentsintheintrapersonalself-referentialdomain.Weaimed toevaluateacrossseveralwellvalidatedmeasuresinbothdomains,whetherbothself-referentialcognitionandempathyare impairedinASCandwhetherthesetwodomainsarerelatedtoeachother.Methodology/PrincipalFindings.Thirtyadults aged19-45,withAspergerSyndromeorhigh-functioningautismand30age,sex,andIQmatchedcontrolsparticipatedinthe self-referenceeffect(SRE)paradigm.IntheSREparadigm,participantsjudgedadjectivesinrelationtotheself,asimilarclose other, a dissimilar non-close other, or for linguistic content. Recognition memory was later tested. After the SRE paradigm, severalothercomplimentaryself-referentialcognitivemeasuresweretaken.Alexithymiaandprivateself-consciousnesswere measured via self-report. Self-focused attention was measured on the Self-Focus Sentence Completion task. Empathy was measured with 3 self-report instruments and 1 performance measure of mentalizing (Eyes test). Self-reported autistic traits were also measured with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Although individuals with ASC showed a significant SRE in memory,thisbiaswasdecreasedcomparedtocontrols.IndividualswithASCalsoshowedreducedmemoryfortheselfand a similar close other and also had concurrent impairments on measures of alexithymia, self-focused attention, and on all 4 empathymeasures.Individualdifferencesinself-referentialcognitionpredictedmentalizingabilityandself-reportedautistic traits.MorealexithymiaandlessselfmemorywaspredictiveoflargermentalizingimpairmentsandAQscoresregardlessof diagnosis. In ASC, more self-focused attention is associated with better mentalizing ability an