Speedy Routing Recovery Protocol for Large Failure Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2010, 10, 3389-3410; doi:10.3390/s100403389 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Speedy Routing Recovery Protocol for Large Failure Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks Joa-Hyoung Lee and In-Bum Jung * Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon Gangwondo, 200-701, Korea; E-Mail: jinnie4u@kangwon.ac.kr * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ibjung@kangwon.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-33-241-9793; Fax: +82-33-252-6390. Received: 3 March 2010; in revised form: 25 March 2010 / Accepted: 26 March 2010 / Published: 7 April 2010 Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are expected to play an increasingly important role in data collection in hazardous areas. However, the physical fragility of a sensor node makes reliable routing in hazardous areas a challenging problem. Because several sensor nodes in a hazardous area could be damaged simultaneously, the network should be able to recover routing after node failures over large areas. Many routing protocols take single-node failure recovery into account, but it is difficult for these protocols to recover the routing after large-scale failures. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol, referred to as ARF (Adaptive routing protocol for fast Recovery from large-scale Failure), to recover a network quickly after failures over large areas. ARF detects failures by counting the packet losses from parent nodes, and upon failure detection, it decreases the routing interval to notify the neighbor nodes of the failure. Our experimental results indicate that ARF could provide recovery from large-area failures quickly with less packets and energy consumption than previous protocols. Keywords: failure tolerance; routing interval; failure detection; failure recovery 1. Introduction Recent advances in MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) and microprocessor and wireless commu