Thermoelectric Oxide Modules (TOMs) for the Direct Conversion of Simulated Solar Radiation into Electrical Energy 英文参考文献.docVIP

Materials 2010, 3, 2801-2814; doi:10.3390/ma3042801 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 /journal/materials Article Thermoelectric Oxide Modules (TOMs) for the Direct Conversion of Simulated Solar Radiation into Electrical Energy Petr Tome? 1,*, Matthias Trottmann 1, Clemens Suter 2, Myriam Heidi Aguirre 1, Aldo Steinfeld 2,3, Philipp Haueter 2 and Anke Weidenkaff 1 1 Solid State Chemistry and Catalysis, EMPA, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; E-Mails: matthias.trottmann@empa.ch (M.T); myriam.aguirre@empa.ch (M.H.A.); anke.weidenkaff@empa.ch (A.W.) 2 Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mail: suterc@ethz.ch (C.S.) 3 Solar Technology Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; E-Mail: aldo.steinfeld@ethz.ch (A.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: petr.tomes@empa.ch; Tel.: +41-44-823-4700; Fax: +41-44-823-4419. Received: 8 January 2010; in revised form: 24 March 2010 / Accepted: 12 April 2010 / Published: 15 April 2010 Abstract: The direct conversion of concentrated high temperature solar heat into electrical energy was demonstrated with a series of four–leg thermoelectric oxide modules (TOM). These temperature stable modules were not yet optimized for high efficiency conversion, but served as proof-of-principle for high temperature conversion. They were constructed by connecting two p- (La1.98Sr0.02CuO4) and two n-type (CaMn0.98Nb0.02O3) thermoelements electrically in series and thermally in parallel. The temperature gradient ΔT was applied by a High–Flux Solar Simulator source (HFSS) which generates a spectrum similar to solar radiation. The influence of the graphite layer coated on the hot side of the Al2O3 substrate compared to the uncoated surface on ΔT, Pmax and η was studied in detail. The measurements show an almost linear temperature profile along the thermoelectric legs. The max