微生物生理学（王海洪）2原核生物基因与基因组.pptVIP

This is another option for an overview using transitions to advance through several slides. * * * * This is another option for an overview slide. What will the audience be able to do after this training is complete? Briefly describe each objective and how the audience will benefit from this presentation. * Use a section header for each of the topics, so there is a clear transition to the audience. * Add slides to each topic section as necessary, including slides with tables, graphs, and images. See next section for sample table, graph, image, and video layouts. * Keep it brief. Make your text as brief as possible to maintain a larger font size. * Microsoft Engineering Excellence Microsoft Confidential * Microsoft Engineering Excellence Microsoft Confidential * If there is relevant video content, such as a case study video, demo of a product, or other training materials, include it in the presentation as well. Add a case study or class simulation to encourage discussion and apply lessons. * Discuss outcomes of the case study or class simulation. Cover best practices. * Summarize presentation content by restating the important points from the lessons. What do you want the audience to remember when they leave your presentation? * Microsoft Engineering Excellence Microsoft Confidential * Microsoft Engineering Excellence Microsoft Confidential * * * * 基因与蛋白质存在线性对应关系 大肠杆菌色氨酸合成酶A亚基由267个氨基酸构成。可以筛选的到一系列的A亚基活性丧失的突变型，通过氨基酸指纹分析可以发现每一个突变的A亚基与野生型A亚基的差别一般都为一个氨基酸。 对这些突变位点进行精确作图发现，突变位点与氨基酸位置是对应的，即遗传图距与氨基酸距离之间的比例是一个固定值。 F. Crick提出了遗传中心法则。 阐明了DNA复制，RNA转录和蛋白质合成机理。 6 . 遗传信息流的中心法则 DNA RNA 蛋白质 复制 转录 翻译 DNA RNA 蛋白质 遗传中心法则 F. Jacob 和J. Monod研究大肠杆菌乳糖代谢的遗传机制后，提出了操纵子学说。 基因的表达是受严格调控的 蛋白质与DNA的相互作用是基因表达调控的主要机制 7. 基因的表达是受严格的调控的 乳糖操纵子的调控机制 基因是一段有遗传效应的DNA片段，是编码蛋白质和RNA的模版 基因通过转录和翻译决定蛋白质的一级结构，进而决定蛋白质的功能 基因的表达受严格的调控 二 基因的新概念 1 . 重叠基因 一个基因的核苷酸与另一个基因的核苷酸之间存在 着一定程度的重叠的现象 修正了各个基因的多核苷酸链是彼此分立、互不重叠 的传统观念。 已在φX174噬菌体、G4噬菌体等物种发现了重叠基因 2 . 断裂基因 基因的编码序列在DNA分子上是不连续的，为不编 码序列所隔开，编码序列为外显子（exon），不