2011版膀胱癌治疗指南.pptVIP

; 意 义; 内 容;一、前 言; 前 言 ;二、流行病学和病因学;发病率; 自然病程; 致病的危险因素;癌基因 HER-2、Bcl-2、H-Ras p53、Rb、p21 SYK、CAGE-1 EGFR 上尿路尿路上皮肿瘤病史;三、组织病理学;尿路上皮细胞癌 （Urothelium/transitional epithelium） 鳞状细胞癌 腺细胞癌 其他：小细胞癌、混合细胞癌、癌肉瘤以及转移性癌; 组织学分级（Grade）; Grade - EUA; Papillary hyperplasia is characterized by slight “tenting”, undulating, or an elevated configuration of the urothelium of varying thickness, lacking nuclear atypia. The lesion often has one or a few small, dilated capillaries at its base but it lacks a well-developed fibrovascular core.;Urothelial papilloma is defined as discrete papi