Soy-BasedAdhesiveCross-Linked.PDFVIP

polymers Article Soy-Based Adhesive Cross-Linked by Phenol-Formaldehyde-Glutaraldehyde Zhigang Wu 1,2,†, Xuedong Xi 1,†, Hong Lei 1, * and Guanben Du 1, * 1 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China; wzhigang9@163.com (Z.W.); xuedongjx@163.com (X.X.) 2 College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China * Correspondence: lfxgirl@163.com (H.L.); guanben@ (G.D.); Tel.: +86-871-6386-2837 (H.L.) † The two authors contributed equally to this work. Academic Editor: Antonio Pizzi Received: 10 March 2017; Accepted: 5 May 2017; Published: 8 May 2017 Abstract: To prepare a low-formaldehyde soy-based adhesive with good water resistance, phenol-formaldehyde modified with glutaraldehyde (PFG) with lower free phenol and free formaldehyde contents was used to cross-link the soy-based adhesive. The results showed that the mechanical properties and water resistance of plywood prepared with soy-based adhesive with PFG was better than that of plywood with the same amount of phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The reaction between phenol and glutaraldehyde was proved by 13C-NMR. Under the optimized preparation conditions for plywood, that is to say, press temperature 160 C, press time 4 min and resin loading 320 g m2, type I plywood could be prepared with 9% PFG as a cross-linker of soy-based adhesive. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) result confirmed the cross-linking reaction between soy-based adhesive and PFG or PF. The activation energy of soy-based adhesive with cross-linker PFG was higher than that with PF resin. Keywords: soy-based adhesive; glutaraldehyde; phenol-formaldehyde; preparation procedure; crosslinking modification 1. Introduction With the mounting needs for environment-friendly adhesives in the wood