C–ETranslation10th汉英句法结构对比.pptVIP

汉英句法对比 英汉思维的差异 抽象思维与形象思维 直线思维与曲线思维 复杂与简约 主体突出与主客体交错 句法对比 树状与竹状 替代与重复 形合与意合 静态与动态 表态与叙事 主体意识与客体意识 时体的重与轻 树状与竹状 英语句子是树状结构，主干如树干，各种成分一个一个挂靠上去，枝繁叶茂； 而汉语句子是竹状结构，按时间或逻辑顺序，层层铺开，一节节连下去。 因此，翻译时要注意树状与竹状结构间的转化． We have learned… This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 这就是那只猫。 这就是那只捉住了老鼠的猫。 ---老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 ---老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。 ------屋子是杰克盖的。 Example　I The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented. 月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长着大树，有大象在跑来跑去，我们用已经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也看不到它们． Example II Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the father of the University of Virginia. 1826年杰斐逊逝世.按他生前遗愿,在他墓地的石碑上刻着:独立宣言的作者,弗吉利亚大学创建人之墓. 汉语的竹竿句：按时间或逻辑顺序，层层铺开，呈线形推进。 这是一个秋天的下午。细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。他们撑着雨伞，攀沿着一个弯曲的山间小道去拜望一位隐居在深山的朋友。 They walked with umbrellas up a winding mountain path on a drizzling and windy autumn afternoon for a visit to a friend living in seclusion. E.g. 有些人成功了，有些人失败了。问题不在于机会多少，而在于他们能否抓住机会。 Some people succeed. Some people fail. The essential difference is not the number of opportunities. It is whether they can take advantage of opportunities. One essential difference between those who succeed and those who fail lies in the way they seize the opportunities rather than in the numbers of opportunities they have. 替代与重复 这是英语和汉语的一个重要差异：英语重替代（即多用代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词和关系代词，还有表示替代的词so, do）；汉语重重复，重复现象比比皆是。 Examples 我们的民族是一个伟大的民族。 Ours is a great nation/ our nation is great one. 革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。 Revolution means the emancipation of the productive force, and so does reform. 你答应了帮他就应当帮助他。 You should