Endophytic Fungi Produce Gibberellins and Indoleacetic Acid and Promotes Host-Plant Growth during Stress.docVIP

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Endophytic Fungi Produce Gibberellins and Indoleacetic Acid and Promotes Host-Plant Growth during Stress.doc

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Endophytic Fungi Produce Gibberellins and Indoleacetic Acid and Promotes Host-Plant Growth during Stress

Molecules 2012, 17, 10754-10773; doi:10.3390/molecules170910754 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article Endophytic Fungi Produce Gibberellins and Indoleacetic Acid and Promotes Host-Plant Growth during Stress Muhammad Waqas 1,2,?, Abdul Latif Khan 1,3,?, Muhammad Kamran 1, Muhammad Hamayun 4, Sang-Mo Kang 1, Yoon-Ha Kim 1 and In-Jung Lee 1,* 1 School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: agronomist89@ (M.W.); latifepm78@yahoo.co.uk (A.L.K.); m.kamran60@ (M.K.); kmoya@ (S.-M.K.); kimyoonha@ (Y.-H.K.) 2 Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bunir 19290, Pakistan 3 Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan 4 Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23300, Pakistan; E-Mail: hamayun@.pk ? These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ijlee@knu.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-539-505-708; Fax: +82-539-586-880. Received: 1 August 2012; in revised form: 17 August 2012 / Accepted: 3 September 2012 / Published: 7 September 2012 Abstract: We isolated and examined two endophytic fungi for their potential to secrete phytohormones viz. gibberellins (GAs) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) and mitigate abiotic stresses like salinity and drought. The endophytic fungi Phoma glomerata LWL2 and Penicillium sp. LWL3 significantly promoted the shoot and allied growth attributes of GAs-deficient dwarf mutant Waito-C and Dongjin-beyo rice. Analysis of the pure cultures of these endophytic fungi showed biologically active GAs (GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA7) in various quantities. The cultures of P. glomerata and Penicillium sp. also contained IAA. The culture application and endophytic-association with host-cucumber plants significantly increased the plant biomass and related growth parameters