药理学--第三十六章 抗菌药物概论.ppt

* * Chapter 36 抗菌药物概论 chemotherapy（化学疗法） Basic concepts the drug treatment of the infection caused by pathogens，worms or cancer cell 病原微生物、寄生虫及癌细胞所致疾病的 药物治疗 antibacterial drug (抗菌药) the drugs that can kill or inhibit bacteria 抑制或杀灭病原菌→防治细菌感染性 疾病的药物 antibiotics 抗生素 naturel～天然抗生素 semisynthetic ～半合成抗生素 antibacterial drug synthetic ～ 人工合成抗菌药 antibacterial spectrum（抗菌谱） the range of bacteria that a drug is effective against (抗菌药抗菌的范围) broad-spectrum ~ : effective against a range of bacterial 广谱抗菌药：作用于多种细菌 narrow-spectrum ~ : effective against one class of bacterial 窄谱抗菌药：仅对某一菌属或菌种有效 antibacterial drug antibacterial activity (抗菌活性) 能够抑制培养基内细菌生长的最低浓度 minimal inhibitory concentration MIC 最低抑菌浓度 the minimal concentration inhibiting bacteria multiplication ? minimal bactericidal concentration MBC 最低杀菌浓度 the minimal concentration killing bacteria 能够杀灭培养基内细菌的最低浓度 ? MBC，MIC Remember antibacterial drug Bactericide杀菌药 Bacteriostatics抑菌药 arrest the growth and replication of bacteria kill the bacteria chemotherapeutic index CI (化疗指数) the ratio of median lethal dose and median effective dose CI＝LD50／ED50 or CI＝LD5／ED95 resistance (耐药性、抗药性) a reduced drug effect caused by bacteria with repeated use of the drug 病原体与药物反复接触后，对药物的敏感性下降 cross resistance （交叉耐药性） bacteria resistant to one drug will be resistant to other drugs in the class 细菌对A药产生耐药性后，同时对B药也有耐药性。（如磺胺类） tolerance 抗菌作用 耐药性 抗病能力 致病作用 不良反应 体内过程 抗微生物药 病原微生物 机 体 notice