Estimating Urban Heat Island Effects on the Temperature Series of Uccle (Brussels, Belgium) Using Remote Sensing Data and a Land Surface Scheme.docVIP

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Estimating Urban Heat Island Effects on the Temperature Series of Uccle (Brussels, Belgium) Using Remote Sensing Data and a Land Surface Scheme.doc

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Estimating Urban Heat Island Effects on the Temperature Series of Uccle (Brussels, Belgium) Using Remote Sensing Data and a Land Surface Scheme

Remote Sens. 2010, 2, 2773-2784; doi:10.3390/rs2122773 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Letter Estimating Urban Heat Island Effects on the Temperature Series of Uccle (Brussels, Belgium) Using Remote Sensing Data and a Land Surface Scheme Rafiq Hamdi Royal Meteorological Institute, 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; E-Mail: rafiq.hamdi@oma.be; Tel.: +32-2-373-6745; Fax: +32-2-373-6767 Received: 12 October 2010; in revised form: 26 October 2010 / Accepted: 7 December 2010 / Published: 10 December 2010 Abstract: In this letter, the urban heat island effects on the temperature time series of Uccle (Brussels, Belgium) during the summers months 1960–1999 was estimated using both ground-based weather stations and remote sensing imagery, combined with a numerical land surface scheme including state-of-the-art urban parameterization, the Town Energy Balance Scheme. Analysis of urban warming based on remote sensing method reveals that the urban bias on minimum temperature is rising at a higher rate, 2.5 times (2.85 ground-based observed) more, than on maximum temperature, with a linear trend of 0.15 °C (0.19 °C ground-based observed) and 0.06 °C (0.06 °C ground-based observed) per decade respectively. The results based on remote sensing imagery are compatible with estimates of urban warming based on weather stations. Therefore, the technique presented in this work is a useful tool in estimating the urban heat island contamination in long time series, countering the drawbacks of a ground-observational approach. Keywords: urban heat island; remote sensing imagery; urbanization; climate record; climate change 1. Introduction It is important to know whether, and to what extent, estimates of global warming trends can be explained by the growth of the urban heat island due to increased urbanization. In fact, if observations of temperatures in growi