6第六章 分布式事务管理-09.ppt

第六章分布式事务管理 事务的概念、特性及模型 分布式事务 分布式事务管理的实现 分布式事务的提交协议 基本概念 A database is in a consistent state if it follows: Entity integrity Referential integrity Domain value constraints etc. 基本概念 Characterization of Transactions Read Set (RS) – the set of data items that a transaction reads Write Set (WS) – the set of data that a transaction writes Base Set (B) -- RS?WS Formalization Example of Transaction 隔离性实例 隔离性实例 隔离性实例 集中式的事务执行 分布式的事务执行 Transaction Processing Issues Transaction structure (usually called transaction model) ? Flat (simple), nested Internal database consistency ? Semantic data control (integrity enforcement) algorithms Reliability protocols ? Atomicity Durability ? Local recovery protocols ? Global commit protocols Concurrency control algorithms ? How to synchronize concurrent transaction executions (correctness criterion) ? Intra-transaction consistency, Isolation Replica control protocols ? How to control the mutual consistency of replicated data ? One copy equivalence and ROWA（read-once/write-all） Architecture Revisited Expand the Distributed Execution Monitor (DEM) to include two modules: a transaction Manager( TM) and a scheduler (SC).( 第二章的组件结构中执行监控器） ? TM: coordinate the execution of DB operations on behalf of an application. ? SC: implement a specific concurrency control algorithm to synchronize accesses to DB. Architecture Revisited ? Note: this model is not unique. 分布式事务 分布式事务定义 在分布式数据库系统中，任何一个应用的请求最终将转化成对数据库的存取操作序列，将该操作序列定义为一个或几个事务。 分布式事务是指分布式数据库应用中的事务。由于分布式系统的特性，一个分布式事务在执行时将被分解为若干和各场地上的计算机相关的操作序列，称之为子事务。子事务也可定义为：一个分布式事务是在某个场地上操作的集合。分布式事务是典型的嵌套类型的事务。 * * 事务：事务是由若干个为完成某一任务而逻辑相关的操作组成的操作序列，是数据库上的一个执行单位。 Transaction, is a sequence of database operations organized in a basic unit for keeping database consistent and reliable. A database should be in a consistent state even if there are a number of concurrent transactions accessing the database. A database is reliable if it is resilient and capa