应用光学与ch.2.4-2.5.pptVIP

2.4 Basic Formula Of Paraxial Region According to the discussion in Sec.2.3, one image point will correspond to the only object point in paraxial. We can get the image distance l’ as long as the object distance l is determined, irrelative to(与…无关) the indirect variables u, u’ , i and i’. Thus we can eliminate(去除) u, u’, i and i’, and express the image distance l’ directly with the object distance l, the spherical radius r and the index n, n’. l’=function( l, r, n, n’) 2.4.1 Equation Of Image And Object Positions Fig.2.13 shows a paraxial ray incident on a surface at a height h from the axis, with the ray-axis intersection distances l and l’ before and after refraction. h: start from the axis to the intersection of the ray and the spherical surface, so height will be positive if they are above the axis. 2.4.2 Equation Of Image Size The lateral ( or transverse ) magnification(垂轴放大率) If position and size of an object are known, Eqs.(2.12),(2.13),(2.15) can be used to determine the position and size of the image in paraxial region formed by a complete optical system. 2.5 Cardinal Points(基点) Of An Optics System The imaging characteristics of an optical system can be expressed by these cardinal planes or points. 2.5.1 First and second principal planes（主平面） That menas there must be a conjugate object and image planes whose magnification equals to 1. These two object and image planes are called principal planes(主面), in which the object plane is called the first principal plane（物方主平面） and the image plane is called the second principal plane （像物方主平面）. The intersection points of the two principal planes and the axis are the principal points(主点), also, the point in object space is called the first principal point（物方主点） and in image space the second principal point （像方主点）, which are denoted by capital letter H and H’ respectively. 2.5.2 The First And Second Focal Points（物方焦点和像方焦点） The intersection point of the refracted light ray, which is from the axial object point in