江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中语法语法复习 精挑细讲.docVIP

江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中语法语法复习 精挑细讲 专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如 China, John, London, the USA, Harbin . 1．名词 个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如 boat, chair, desk, apple . 可数名词 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如 family, people, class, police . 普通名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如 water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton . 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如 health, help, work, friendship . 不可数名词 2．名词的数。可数名词有单复数，不可数名词没有单复数。 3．名词的格：名词有三个格：主格（作主语）、宾格（作宾语）、和所有格。其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化。 （二）冠词 1．定冠词－the . ○1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students are very good. ○2 说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet ? ○3 重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black . ○4 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves around the earth . ○5 形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school . I live in the south . ○6 洋乐器的名称前常用定冠词－the 。I like playing the piano / violin . ○7 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表某一类人。We should help the poor . 但play Erhu. ○8 放在某些专有名词前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week . the People’s Republic of China . ○9 放在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching TV . ○10 固定词组中。In the morning / afternoon / evening . 2．不定冠词－a / an . ○1 指人或事物的某一种类。A horse is a useful animal. A table has four legs. ○2 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。Pass me a pencil, please. We write with a pen. ○3 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。The book was written by a peasant. Last month we were working in a factory. ○4 不定冠词还可以指“事物的单位”，如“每日”、“每斤”等。 Here is a letter for you . The meat is 18 yuan a kilo. 3．零冠词。 ○1 泛指人类或男女。Man will conquer nature . ○2 抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时，通常不加冠词。Knowledge begins with practice . ○3 有些个体名词有时可以转化成具有抽象意义，其前面也常不加冠词。We had better send him to hospital at once. ○4 在专有名词前一般不用冠词。China is a great country. Mr Smith is an artist. ○5 在三餐饭、球棋类运动名称之前不用冠词。He often goes out for a walk after supper. Sometimes I play basketball. ○6 在节假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前。September 10th is Teachers’ Day. ○7 称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不用冠词。Granny is sleeping now. We call him monitor. ○8 在语言名词前，名词前有指示代词、物主代词或数词时，不用冠词。This is his book. I can speak English . ○9 不用冠词的惯用语。At night / on food / go to town / at home / in class / at work 等。 （三）形容词