XX年中考化学复习优先反应原理的应用.docVIP

XX年中考化学复习优先反应原理的应用 XX年中考化学复习优先反应原理的应用 :(1)金属单质必须排在盐中金属的前面。(2)盐必须可溶;还学习了酸与碱能发生中和反应的性质。但在中考中,有很多此类题目超出了此范围,加大了难度。若利用高中的优先反应原理去解,则可简化解题。下面就“金属与盐的优先置换原理”与“酸与碱的优先中和原理”分别说明中考中此两类题目的解法。 1.优先置换原理 ,则加入一种金属菹时,优先置换出金属活动性弱的金属的离子。 1〗、在盛有AgNo3和cu(No3ň)2混合溶液的试管中,加入一定量的锌粉充分反应,试管底部有少量固体存在。过滤,向兀滤液中加稀盐酸,产生白色沉淀,滤渣是() cu [分析]:由于金属的金属活动性稚顺序是cugt;Ag,因而加入的锌粉优辕先与AgNo3反应,只有AgNo3完全反氯应后,锌粉才能与cu(No3)2反应,否则不反应。“向滤液中加稀盐酸,产生白色沉懋淀”说明溶液中的AgNo3尚未反应完,故cu(No3)2不可能反应,证明锌量不足,所以滤渣的成分应选B。 2〗、向含籼AgNo3、cu(No3)2、Zn(No嵴3)2的混合液中,加入一些铁粉,待反应完赝成后过滤,下列情况是可能存在的是() A伴.滤纸上有Ag,滤液中有Ag+、cu2+、Zn2+、Fe2+ B.滤纸上有Ag、坤cu,滤液中有Ag+、Zn2+、Fe2+咋 c.滤纸上有Ag、Fe,滤液中有Zn2+、Fe2+ D.滤纸上有Ag、Zn、F觏e,滤液中有Zn2+、Fe2+ [分析]:铁粉加入混合液中,可能发生的反应有:Fe+2AgNo3=Fe(No3)2+2A颃g①;Fe+2cu(No3)2=Fe(N炯o3)2+cu②,根据溶液中的优先置换原ヵ理,反应①优先于反应②进行。因此,A选项鹣中,滤液中有Ag+证明反应①未完成,自然昵反应②还未进行,正确;B选项中,滤纸上已余经有cu,说明反应②已经发生或已经完全发霰生,则反应①应完全反应,滤液中不可能有Ag+,不正确;c选项中,滤纸上有Fe,说鐾明反应①②都已完全,但滤纸上没有cu,不挝正确;D选项中,滤纸上由Zn,不正确。 create a good atmosphere for education, and to promote the all-round development of students, to establish a scientific moral education full of vigor the For long-term mechanism.Two, the goal of moral education:To guide the students to form the correct world outlook, outlook on life, values, to cultivate students unity and mutual assistance, honest and trustworthy, law-abiding, good quality, hard work, set a good XX students ideological quality, psychological quality and image quality. The formation of excellent moral education curriculum system and management system, the construction of school. The society, family moral education network, to achieve full member education, environment education, education service people, educating people. Traditional moral education initiativesThree, the routine work of moral education:Daily moral education:1, the daily morning exercises or class-break setting-up exercise and discipline inspection and appraisal of public signs;2, daily cleaning and inspection;3, the daily student school appearance, dress, wearing school card check;4, the daily duty guide t