英语国家概况UNITE7”.pptVIP

UNITE 7 The Legal System Part1 The Court Structure Part2 Criminal Law ,Civil Law ,Court Proceedings Part3 Crime and Punishment First , Let’s learn the part1! The Court Structure 1) In the judiciary act of 1789,the first congress divided the nation into districts ,an essential principle of division that continues today 2)The current national court structure in the United States ,from bottom to top ,includes ①district court ②courts of appeals ③one supreme court 3)There are currently ninety-four district courts , Each state has at least one district court , and there is one in the District of Columbia and one in Puerto Rico . Large states have more than one 4)There may be one or more judges at each district court. 5)Appealed case will normally go to a US court of appeals in one of eleven judicial circuits in the country. 6)District courts are courts of original jurisdiction , and so , if one violates a federal law , he will be charged in a district court . there are the only national courts that use grand juries and petit juries. 7)There courts have only appellate jurisdiction .They do not use juries , and they have from one to nine judges , all appointed for life by the president with the consent of the Senate. 8)At the top of the hierarchy ,is the Supreme Court , whose jurisdiction is both original and appellate. 9)Whether in national or state courts , decide case ; hey do not prosecute people. 10)Most,states have a hierarchical system as well , ranging from lower courts to a state supreme court . There courts try civil and criminal cases in which state laws are violated. 11)Nearly all cases involving ①dispute about property ②divorce ③murder ④theft ⑤assault or traffic offence are dealt with by the relevant state’s hierarchy of city 12)The national/federal courts are involved only in matters outside the individual state’s jurisdiction (such as federal income tax) and in cases arising under the U.S. Constitution. 13)The U.S. legal system is base