消化系统AlimentarySystem.pptVIP

十二指肠悬肌 十二指肠悬韧带 (Treitz 韧带) (一)位置与形态结构 二、 阑尾 vermiform appendix 1.位置及根部体表投影 根部连于盲肠的后内侧壁，远端游 离。 Mcburme点 及 Lanz点 2.阑尾常见的位置 升结肠 横结肠 降结肠 乙状结肠 肝门与肝蒂 (1) 第一肝门 (porta hepatis) (2) 肝蒂 三、肝的分段 肝按Glisson系统（肝门 静脉、肝动脉和肝管） 分为：两半肝、五叶、六段? 2个半肝（左右半肝） 5个叶 左内叶 左外叶 右前叶 右后叶 尾状叶 6个段 左外叶上、下段 右后叶上、下段 尾状叶左、右段 四、肝外胆道系统 胆囊和输胆管道 （肝左管、肝右管、肝总管 和胆总管） 胆囊分4部 胆囊三角（Calot三角） 胆囊管、肝总管和肝的脏面围成的三角形区域，内有胆囊动脉通过，该三角是胆囊手术中寻找胆囊动脉的标志。 肝胰壶腹（Vater壶腹） 肝胰壶腹括约肌（Oddi括约肌） [Summary] Splanchnology means the study of viscera. According to the functional differences, the viscera can be divided into the digestive, respiratory, urinary and genital system. Most organs of the viscera are situated in the thoracic and abdominal cavities and associated with the pleura and peritoneum. The principle functions of the viscera are to fulfill the metabolism and maintain the life of the species. The digestive system is adapted to ingest foods, secrete enzymes that modify the size of food molecules, absorb the products of this digestive action and eliminate the unused residues. The respiratory system carry out the gas exchanges—supply of oxygen for the living cells and remove carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism. The primary function of the urinary system is to keep the body in homeostasis by removing and restoring the selected amount of water and solutes. It also excretes the selected amount of various wastes. The functions of the genital system are to produce germ cell and secrete some hormones. digestive system [Summary] The function of the digestive system is to ingest foods, secrete enzymes that modify the size of food molecules, absorb the products of this digestive action and eliminate the unused residues. The digestive system alters the ingested food by mechanical and chemical processes so that it can ultimately cross the wall of