国外社会科学统计课件11.t–test.pptVIP

Statistics for the Social Sciences Psychology 340 Fall 2006 Outline (for 2 weeks) Review t-tests One sample, related samples, independent samples Additional assumptions Levene’s test Testing Hypotheses t Test for Dependent Means Unknown population mean and variance Two situations One sample, two scores for each person Repeated measures design Two samples, but individuals in the samples are related Same procedure as t test for single sample, except Use difference scores Assume that the population mean is 0 Statistical analysis follows design Statistical analysis follows design Performing your statistical test Difference scores For each person, subtract one score from the other Carry out hypothesis testing with the difference scores Population of difference scores with a mean of 0 Population 2 has a mean of 0 Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Performing your statistical test Using SPSS Next time Independent samples t-tests * Statistics for the Social Sciences * Using t-tests Step 1: State your hypotheses Step 2: Set your decision criteria Step 3: Collect your data Step 4: Compute your test statistics Compute your estimated standard error Compute your t-statistic Compute your degrees of freedom Step 5: Make a decision about your null hypothesis Hypothesis testing: a five step program The related-samples t-test can be used when: 1 sample Two scores per subject The related-samples t-test can be used when: 1 sample Two scores per subject 2 samples Scores are related - OR - Diff. Expected by chance Estimated standard error of the differences Test statistic What are all of these “D’s” referring to? Mean of the differences Number of difference sc